The populations collected in WP1 will be the support of all the BrasExplor Project. They will be molecularly characterized through sequencing data and SNP identification. These data will be used to assess inter-population diversity, which will be used (1) to define core collections and (2) to cross with climatic data, soil structure and microbiota composition in order to identify genomic regions involved in adaptation to climatic conditions (WP2). From all populations and the core collections for specific traits, we will perform experiments under controlled and field conditions to identify the morphological and eco-physiological traits driving adaptation to climate and/or soil biotic characteristics (WP3). All the data obtained will be the support to design pre-breeding populations which will be tested in the different countries at the same time that local populations (WP4). All the WP will be managed in order to ensure coordination between all the partners (WP5).